Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

What is Intelligence?

Psychologist Robert Sternberg defined intelligence as “the mental abilities necessary for adaptation to, as well as shaping and selection of, any environmental context”

Intelligence has been defined in many ways: higher level abilities (such as abstract reasoning, mental representation, problem solving, and decision making), the ability to learn, emotional knowledge, creativity, and adaptation to meet the demands of the environment effectively.

What is Artificial Intelligence? – As the name indicates, it is not natural human intelligence, but artificially designed intelligence to mimic natural human intelligence. A computer system that is designed to replicate the human intelligence by programming is known as Artificial intelligence.

The Oxford dictionary defines artificial intelligence as: “The theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages.”

(The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (2 ed.))

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of a computer, or a robot controlled by a computer to do tasks that are usually done by humans because they require human intelligence and discernment.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the branch of computer sciences that emphasizes the development of intelligence machines, thinking and working like humans. For example, speech recognition, problem-solving, learning and planning.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a young discipline of sixty years, which is a set of sciences, theories, and techniques (including mathematical logic, statistics, probabilities, computational neurobiology, computer science) that aims to imitate the cognitive abilities of a human being.

The Logic behind AI: Making the computer to understand & perform the human tasks by series of algorithm is the backbone of AI. It is the method by which a computer can act on data through statistical analysis, enabling it to understand, analyze, and learn from data through specifically designed algorithms. This is an automated process. Artificially intelligent machines can remember behavior patterns and adapt their responses to conform to those behaviors or encourage changes to them.

The most important technologies that makeup AI are machine learning (ML), deep learning, and natural language processing (NLP).

History of AI:

John McCarthy, an American computer scientist from Princeton University invented AI.

He did considerable work in defining the area devoted to the creation of intelligent machines.

In the 1940s and 50s, a handful of scientists from a variety of fields (mathematics, psychology, engineering, economics, and political science) began to discuss the possibility of creating an artificial brain. The field of artificial intelligence research was founded as an academic discipline in 1956.

Machine Learning: is the process by which machines learn how better to respond based upon structured big data sets and ongoing feedback from humans and algorithms.

Deep Learning is often thought to be a more advanced kind of ML because it learns through representation, but the data does not need to be structured.

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a linguistic tool in computer science. It enables machines to read and interpret human language. NLP allows computers to translate human language into computer inputs.

Examples of Artificial Intelligence:

AI is already in practical use. We all, knowingly or unknowingly already are using AI.

Some of the common examples where we use AI are

1. Maps & Navigation: The travel has become very easy with the help of navigation in cars & in our mobiles. Google or Apple maps is the common app we all use. The taxi drivers invariable use the maps to locate the destination.
2. Social Media: Social media use AI to connect users to the advertisers and marketers that have identified their profiles as key targets. Social media AI also can understand the sort of content a user resonates with and suggests similar content to them. Social Media companies know that their users are their product,
3. E Payments:  The E payments & E transactions, the life has become so simple saving lot of productive time. Now from the comfort of home, you can do all transactions like opening an account, money transfer & the like. Even the stock market activity can be performed from the mobile apps. Such a convenience is available now a days. Banks & stock markets are now leveraging artificial intelligence to facilitate customers by simplifying payment processes. Intelligent algorithms have made it possible to make banking & stock market transactions from anywhere, leveraging AI for security, identity management, and privacy controls.
4. Digital Assistants: A virtual assistant like Siri is an example of an AI that will access your contacts, identify the words, and call the number. These assistants use NLP, ML, statistical analysis, and algorithmic execution to decide what you are asking for and try to get it for you. Voice and image search work in much the same way.
5. Chatbots: One increasingly popular artificially intelligent solution to this is the use of AI Chatbots. The programmed algorithms enable machines to answer frequently asked questions, take and track orders, and direct calls. Chatbots are taught to impersonate the conversational styles of customer representatives through natural language processing (NLP). Advanced chatbots no longer require specific formats of inputs (e.g., yes/no questions). They can answer complex questions requiring detailed responses. In fact, if you give a bad rating for the response you get, the bot will identify the mistake it made and correct it for next time, ensuring maximum customer satisfaction.
6. Facial detection & recognition: Using virtual filters on our faces when taking pictures and using face ID for unlocking our phones are two examples of artificial intelligence that are now part of our daily lives.

The former incorporates face detection, meaning any human face is identified. The latter uses face recognition through which a specific face is recognized. Facial recognition is also used for surveillance and security by government facilities and at airports.

• Text Editors (Auto correct):  As we were taught the grammar at school, the scientists & Linguists work together to teach grammar to the machines. AI algorithms use machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing to identify incorrect usage of language and suggest corrections in word processors, texting apps, and another written medium. The algorithms are taught through high-quality language data so when you use a comma incorrectly, the editor will catch it.
• Search & Recommendation: Many of us have experienced, when we search for a product/service, similar recommendations start popping up on our mobiles & computers. This is the work of AI. These smart recommendation systems have learned your behavior and interests over time by following your online activity. The data is collected at the front end (from the user) and stored and analyzed through machine learning and deep learning. It is then able to predict your preferences, usually, and offer recommendations for things you might want to buy or listen to next.
• Self-driving & Parking vehicles:

Self-driving and parking cars use deep learning, a subset of AI, to recognize the space around a vehicle. Technology company Nvidia uses AI to give cars “the power to see, think, and learn, so they can navigate a nearly infinite range of possible driving scenarios,” Nvidia explains on its website. The company’s AI-powered technology is already in use in cars made by Toyota, Mercedes Benz, Audi, Volvo, and Tesla, and is sure to revolutionize how people drive—and enable vehicles to drive themselves.

Advantages & Disadvantages of AI:

         Advantages

• Good at detail-oriented jobs.
• Reduced time for data-heavy tasks.
• Delivers consistent results; and
• AI-powered virtual agents are always available.

         Disadvantages

• Expensive.
• Requires deep technical expertise.
• Limited supply of qualified workers to build AI tools.
• Only knows what it’s been shown; and
• Lack of ability to generalize from one task to another.

Some of the applications of AI:

1. In health care
2. In business
3. In transportation
4. In education
5. In finance
6. In law
7. In manufacturing
8. In banking
9. In security
10. In defense

To Conclude:

AI can be seen in entertainment & many utilities that we often use.AI is gaining popularity at a quicker pace; influencing the way we live, interact, and improve customer experience. This technology is still developing and there are many more innovations yet to come. The future is really going to be interesting.

Anil Tadmari